Cherryis one of the most commonly cultivated fruit trees in home and allotment gardens. It is hardly surprising since sweet cherry fruits are tasty, he althy and perfect to crunch right after picking from the tree. See whatcherry cultivation looks likeand choose the bestcherry varieties for the plot , which reliably yield. We also advise whichcherry diseasescan threaten these trees and how to effectively fight them.
Cherry
Cherry - properties
When planting fruit trees on a plot, it is worth considering cherries, because the fruits of cherries that announce summer are extremely tasty and he althy - perfect to crunch right after picking from the tree. They can also be used to prepare preserves - preserves, drinks and wines. They contain a lot of simple sugars, vitamins B1, B2, A, C, and are also a source of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron, which affects the healing propertiescherriesHowever, we must also remember that sweet cherries can be difficult to digest and should not be consumed in excess.
Cherry fruitsare small, spherical or elongated. The skin is light to dark red in color. Fruits with light red peel have light flesh, and dark red ones - intensely colored. The crown of the sweet cherry has a clearly marked conductor and stiff boughs and branches with numerous fruiting shoots.The cherry blossoms in the first decade of May. Then the trees look great and the decorative properties of sweet cherries are also emphasized
Cherry - plot varieties
Almost all cherry varietiesgrown in Poland are foreign-pollinated. Among the varieties of cherries for the plot, we can find early, medium and late fruiting trees. They will differ in fruit color and susceptibility to diseases.
Cherry fruitscan be divided into the so-called cartilage and cockles. Cartilage is characterized by firm and hard flesh. They are also resistant to transport. And cockles are the fruit of most varieties, they have a softer flesh. Collective maturity and consumption maturity coincide in time.Early cherry varietiesripen in late May / early June, mid-early varieties in the 2nd and 3rd decade of June, and late varieties in July.
A valuable self-pollinating variety of cherries is 'Lapins' with quite large red fruits and a tasty, juicy flesh, not susceptible to cracking of sweet cherries.Of theearly cherry varietiesit is worth distinguishing the 'Rivan' variety, which gives high yields and produces heart-shaped, sweet, red fruits. This variety is not very susceptible to diseases, and the fruit can be harvested before it lays eggs in them, causing worming of the cherry fruit.
Zemid-early cherry varietiesnoteworthy varieties such as 'Burlat' with dark red fruit, hard and juicy flesh, 'Vega' with yellow fruit covered with a bright red blush and exceptionally tasty, sweet flesh. The rarely cracking cherry variety 'Summit' is characterized by vivid red fruit. In turn, fromlate cherry varietiesit is worth mentioning the 'Van' variety, which gives very abundant crops and sourly sweet slightly flattened fruits.More information about the individual varieties of cherries and their pollinators see below:
Cherry Burlat
Description:strong growth, starts fruiting early (already in the 3rd year after planting), bears fruit regularly but moderately,
Fruit:large (average fruit weight 6.5 g), spherical, dark red, flesh juicy and firm, tasty,
Harvest maturity:third week of cherry ripening (end of the 1st decade of June),
Frost resistance:medium, zone 6A,
Susceptibility to diseases:not very sensitive to bacterial cancer,
Pollinators:Vega, Rivan,
Red Büttner Cherry
Description:tree with strong growth, early and profusely bearing fruit,
Fruits:large (6-8 g), yellow skin, covered with a red-brown, marbled blush, tasty, withstands transport well, but susceptible to cracking under the influence of rain,
Harvest maturity:6 cherry ripening week, (first half of July),
Resistance to frost:high, frost resistance zone 6A
Susceptibility to diseases:low,
Pollinators:Van, Vega, Büttner's Red
Cherries ripening on the tree
Cherry Regina
Description:late variety, forming large trees, bearing fruit early,
Fruit:large (weight from 8 to 9 g), spherical, medium-juicy flesh, cartilaginous,
Harvest maturity:seventh week of cherry ripening (mid-July),
Resistance to frost:quite high, zone 6A,
Susceptibility to diseases:to scab - low susceptibility,
Pollinators:Sam, Schneider Late, Hedelfińska, Bianca
Cherry Rivan
Description:medium-strong growth, starts fruiting early, tends to be abundant annually,
Fruits:medium-sized, heart-shaped, dark cherry in color, resistant to transport and cracking under the influence of rain,
Maturity:late May / early June
Frost resistance:high, zone 6A,
Susceptibility to diseases:low,
Pollinators:Vega, Merton Premier, Burlat
Late Sznajdera cherry
Description:cultivar with high soil and climatic requirements, grown in Gubin, very strong growth, fruiting late, fruits regularly and moderately,
Fruits:large and very large (even up to 11 g), dark brown-red in color, flesh firm, tasty, withstand transport well,
Maturity:second decade of July,
Frost resistance:tree sensitive to low temperatures,
Susceptibility to diseases:slight,
Pollinators:Büttner's Red, Hedelfińska, Sam
Cherry Techlovan
Description:growth initially strong, then the growth rate decreases, fertile variety, beginning fruiting early,
Fruits:very large (weighing up to 14g), dark red skin, juicy, cartilaginous flesh,
Harvest maturity:5 cherry ripening week (end of June),
Resistance to frost:zone 6B,
Susceptibility to diseases:low,
Pollinators:Regina
Cherry Van
Description:medium-strong growth, bears fruit early, abundantly and annually,
Fruits:large or very large (weighing 8 to 9 g), dark red peel, flesh firm, red, juicy, tasty,
Harvest maturity:beginning of July,
Resistance to frost:zone 6B,
Susceptibility to diseases:Susceptible to bacterial cancer,
Pollinators:Büttner's Red, Hedelfińska, Sam
Cherry Vega
Description:tree with strong growth, starts fruiting early, bears fruit regularly and abundantly,
Fruits:large, light yellow skin, covered with a carmine blush,
Harvest maturity:end of the 4th cherry week (second half of June),
Resistance to frost:zone 6B,
Susceptibility to diseases:low,
Pollinators:Büttner's Red, Karesov, Van
Cherry - cultivation
Cherryworks best in warm and dry climates. The weather greatly affects the quality of the sweet cherry fruit. A warm summer with a few showers are the best conditions for growing cherries. Sweet cherry is a species sensitive to frost. Early spring frosts can damage the buds and flowers. Too intense rainfall may contribute to cracking of the fruit. Cherry has high soil requirements. He likes fertile, airy and warm soil. The best forcherry cultivationwill be fallow and brown soils made of clay or silt deposits. In turn, wet and heavy soils should be excluded.The optimal pH of the soil for sweet cherries ranges from 6.7-7.1.
Incherry cultivationdo not forget to mulch the soil under the tree and fertilize with manure, compost and fertilizers multi-component mineral.
Cherry - pruning
Cherry shoots are varied with short and long shootsOn long shoots there are mostly leaf buds. A typical cherry shoot is covered with flower buds. The wood that bears fruit grows slightly each year and constantly produces numerous lateral flower buds. The so-called bouquet shoots. Such a shoot ends with a leaf bud, and from it grows the extension of the shoot. Side buds bloom and bear fruit.
Cherries are best led into the spindle crown , uncut side shoots are placed horizontally, the conductor is not cut. Regular cherry pruning is not a necessary procedure. In the case of very old trees, the guide can be trimmed along with skeletal branches.By trimming the cherries to the bouquet shoot, we will stimulate it to produce, as previously mentioned, long shoots.
Cherry - diseases
Wgrowing cherriesremember about the possibility of several serious diseases. In order to effectively combatcherry diseases , spring spraying of fruit trees should be carried out in accordance with the protection program. Learn about the most dangerouscherry diseasesand learn how to fight them!
Bacterial canceris a dangerous bacterial disease. Cancer symptoms can be seen on flowers, shoots and fruits. Infected cherry blossoms turn brown, and consequently die, stains appear on the leaves. The limbs break, and a jelly-like substance oozes out of them. Infected tissues should be cut out and the wounds covered with garden ointment. When the buds are swelling in spring and leaves fall in autumn, we spray the cherries with the copper agent - Miedzian 50 WP.
Brown rot of stone treesis manifested by browning of flowers and drying of shoots with fruit buds. Subsequent infections occur during the ripening period of the fruit, on which rot spots appear. Rotting cherry fruits remain on the tree and dry up in the form of the so-called mummy. Therefore, they should be removed and performed in the period of the so-called spraying the white bud with Topsin M 500 SC or Signum 33 WG.
A fine leaf spot on stone treesmanifests itself at the end of May in the form of small spots on the leaves. After some time, a white coating appears on the lower side of the leaf blade. Leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. Immediately after flowering, we spray Topsin M 500 SC at two-week intervals.
The holes in the leaves of stone treesmanifest as dark, round spots on the leaves, which crumble over time. As a result, the affected organs fall prematurely.Sometimes spots also appear on fruits and shoots. In the fight against thischerry disease , it is recommended to spray Topsin M 500 SC before flowering.
