Tomato diseaseslead to plant dieback and large yield losses. Therefore, it is very important to combat them, systematically control growing plants and quickly react to the first disturbing symptomssymptoms of tomato diseasesHere are the most common and very dangeroustomato diseases and their controlin amateur cultivation. Discover ways to get he althy and tasty tomatoes from your own plot!
Diseases of tomatoes - potato blight on tomatoes
1. Potato blight on tomato
Blight of potato on tomato(potato blight), caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most dangerous and common diseases of tomatoes grown in the field and under cover. It can cause the loss of entire plants, especially during long periods of cool and rainy weather.
The firstsymptoms of potato blight on tomatoappear as large, irregular, watery spots on the tips and edges of the leaves. In cold and humid weather, the spots enlarge very quickly, covering a significant area of the leaf. This leads to the plants drying out and shedding their leaves. At high air humidity (especially in autumn), a delicate, white-gray coating of mycelium appears on the underside of the leaves where the spots are located. Under favorable conditions for the fungus (cold and damp), the air has a characteristic smell of rot.
The most characteristicsymptoms of this disease of tomatoesappear on green, still unripe fruits.Large, hard, brown spots appear on them, reaching deep into the flesh. Infected fruits do not ripen and fall off.
We start fighting potato blightwhen we notice the first symptoms. We can fight potato blight with home remedies, using nettles or horsetail decoction. It is worth planting sage and lavender in the area where tomatoes are grown. Their essential oils limit the attack of the disease.
Chemical protection is used in case of severe electric shock. The most effectiveprotection measures in the fight against potato blightare: Amistar 250 SC (used in field cultivation in the amount of 10 ml dissolved in 8 liters of water / 100m²) and Amistar Opti 480 SC (used in cultivation under covers in the amount of 20-25 ml per 10 liters of water).
These preparations should be used alternately with other fungicides. Otherrecommended anti-blight protection measures are : Acrobat MZ 69 WG (in the ground we use 25 g per 7-8 l of water / 100m², and under covers in the amount of 30 g per 10 l of water ), Cabrio Duo 112 EC (20-25 ml for 2-10 l of water), Polyram 70 WG (use in ground crops in the amount of 12-18 g for 6-7 l of water / 100m²), Signum 33 WG (use 2g of per liter of water) and Miedzian 50 WP (30 g in 7 l of water / 100m²), Revus 250 SC (6 ml dissolved in 7 liters of water / 100m²).
2. Tomato blotch disease (dry leaf spot)
Tomato alternaria , caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, primarily affects tomatoes grown in the open air, especially in warm (30 ° C) and rainy summers.
Symptoms of this tomato diseaseare dark brown, nerve-limited spots on tomato leaves with clearly defined concentric zoning. The stains reach a size of up to 1.5 cm. The stains dry up over time and flake off inside. The leaves turn yellow, curl and die as a result of stains. The infestation of fruit is localized in places where the skin is damaged and in the cavity of the peduncle. Infected fruit rots and mycelium bloom is visible on the surface of the stains.
Tomato diseases - alternariosis
Forcombating tomato blightchemical preparations recommended for the protection of tomatoes against late blight are used.To minimize therisk of this tomato disease , avoid growing tomatoes near a potato plantation. We do not grow tomatoes in the place where the disease has occurred for 3-4 years. After harvesting, we thoroughly clean the place of cultivation of all plant debris. We can also performprophylactic spraying of tomatoeswith Biosept Active 33 SL.
3. Gangrene of the base of the stem and brown rot of tomato fruit
In addition to the blight of earthworms, root rot and brown rot of tomato fruitthe most dangerous disease of tomatoesIt is caused by soil borne fungus Didymella lycopersici, which infects the stems and causes rotting of the fruit. As a result of this disease of tomatoes, entire plants are destroyed.
Symptoms of stem gangrene and brown rot of tomato fruitappear rather late. Most often, a few weeks after planting the plants or just before harvesting the fruit. Plants wilt as a result of the fungus damaging the base of the stem.On the stem, brown putrid spots appear just above the ground, covering the stem in a ring. On the fruit, the rot appears around the peduncle in the form of dark brown, collapsing spots. There are small black balls on the spots.
Combating this tomato diseaseis largely based on preventing its occurrence. For sowing, we use treated seeds (Seed treatment T 75 DS / WS - 0.3 g / 100g of seeds). You should take a 3-4-year break in growing tomatoes in the same position. When disease symptoms appear, remove the plants with the entire root ball. Spray the remaining plants alternately with Curzate Cu 49.5 WP (40 g in 10 l of water / 100 m2), Gwarant 500 SC (20 ml in 6-8 l of water / 100 m2) or Miedzian 50 WP (30 g in, 7 l of water / 100 m2) .
Tomato diseases - gray mold
4. Gray mold
Gray moldcaused by Botrytis cinerea is the greatest threat to tomatoes during winter-spring and autumn cultivation under cover. Favorable conditions for development are 14-15 ° C and high humidity (97-98%).
The symptoms of gray mold on tomatooccur on all aerial parts of the plant. Gray-green or yellow spots appear on the leaves, which gradually increase their surface area. Infected leaves die. Large gray or brown spots form on the stems. Above the site of infestation, the plant dies. Watery, soft spots appear on tomato fruits. A characteristic gray coating of the fungus appears on the spots on leaves, stems and fruits.
Infighting gray mold in tomato cultivation , reducing the development of the disease is in the first place. Keep the air humidity in the growing rooms low. In the period favorable for the development of the disease or after noticing the first symptoms, spray the plants with chemical preparations, e.g. Amistar Opti 480 SC recommended for amateur cultivation (20-25 ml in 10 l of water / 100m²), Signum 33 WG (2 g in 1 l of water, dose liquid: 10 l / 100m²) or Switch 62.5 WG (10g in 10 l water / 100m²).
5. Tomato bacterial cancer
Tomato bacterial canceris a quarantine disease. It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium michiganense. It attacks tomatoes grown both in the ground and under cover. It is considered the most dangerousbacterial disease of tomatoes .
"The mainsymptom of tomatobacterial cancer is leaf wilt. Brown spots appear on the withering leaves and the leaves die. At first, wilting may be present on only one side of the stem. Dark brown streaks are visible on the stem cross-section. Cracks and slimy spills appear on the shoots. The fruit is covered with dark spots, forming the so-called bird&39;s eye. Infested fruits rot. "
Fighting tomato bacterial canceris difficult. To prevent disease, disinfect the seeds before sowing. We also disinfect all tools used in the care of tomatoes. When disease symptoms are noticed, we remove diseased plants and spray the rest with Kocide 2000 35 WG (30 g in 10 l of water / 100m²).In the place where the disease has occurred, it is forbidden to cultivate plants from the nightshade family for the next 4 years.
Listed in the articletomato disease protectionyou can order in our store. We guarantee high-quality products, efficient service and shipment within 24 hours. (which is important when your plants are already sick andyou need to spray quickly ). To go to the store, press the button below: -)
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MSc Eng. Agnieszka Lach
