Apple scab and pear scab
Symptoms: fungal infection by Venturia inaequalis affects all non-woody parts of the tree, gray spots on the fruit and buds turn brown and corky, olive spots appear on the upper side of the leaves that turn brown with time, leaves wrinkle and fall off.
Growth conditions: wet spring
When and how to combat: remove fallen leaves and fruit, during the period of fruit setting and growth, sprinkle the trees several times with horsetail or marigold extract, perform an autumn spray (X-XI) with a 5% urea solution applied both to trees and and to the area around them.
Apple powdery mildew
Symptoms: white powdery coating appears on non-lignified parts of the tree, infected buds, fruit and leaves die and fall off.
Conditions favorable to development: warm summer, little rainfall, mild winter.
When and how to combat: the fungus hibernates under the bud scales and appears on the youngest leaves, which should be removed along with the fragment of the shoot on which they grew, spraying with horsetail decoction or marigold extract.
Brown rot of stone trees
Symptoms: infection by Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructigena. Infected organs turn brown and die, the fruit cannot be eaten.
Conditions conducive to development: heavy rains, mechanical damage to fruit.
When and how to treat: remove infected organs, spray with horseradish decoction, field horsetail and yarrow or marigold extract during the white bud period.
Apple and pear dirty blotch
Symptoms: in the period leading up to harvest, the fruit has dark gray stains, the fruit cannot be eaten.
Conditions conducive to development: fungal disease occurring mainly on neglected trees,
When and how to combat: proper tree cutting, crown X-ray, spraying with plant extracts of horsetail, chamomile and marigold.
Peach leaf curl
Symptoms: Infection by the fungus Taphrina deformans. Infected leaves are strongly folded, discoloration to yellow and red, visible gray mycelium bloom on their surface, with time the leaves fall and the weakened tree produces smaller fruit.
Growth conditions: wet and warm spring.
When and how to combat: in spring, before bud break, apply a spray with extracts of horsetail, marigold, nettle or yarrow.
Wormwood / plum shark
Symptoms: Plum pox virus causes chlorotic yellow discoloration on leaves, and purple discoloration on young, still green fruits, affected fruits prematurely ripen and fall off.
Developmental conditions: the disease is transmitted by aphids.
When and how to combat: combating aphids.
Bacterial cancer of fruit trees
Symptoms: The infection is caused by the fungus Pseudomonas syringae. Infected flowers and shoots turn brown and die, tree bark cracks, thickened wounds form with rubbery spills. Trees become less resistant to frost.
Conditions favorable to development: high humidity, rainfall.
Combating: during the period of bud swelling, flowering and leaf fall, cut out infected shoots, and cover the resulting wounds with protective paste, remove infected leaves and fruits.
Fine leaf spot on stone trees
Symptoms: Infection by the fungus Blumeriella jaapi. In spring, small green spots appear on the leaves, browning with time, in the place of the spots, small elevations appear on the lower side of the leaves, with fungus spores, infected leaves fall prematurely, small fruits do not ripen.
Conditions conducive to development: high air humidity.
When and how to combat: destruction of fallen leaves, autumn spraying with 5% urea solution.
