It is assumed that only about a thousand apple varieties are cultivated in Poland alone.This sum consists of varieties known for centuries, as well as the newest ones that can be found only in production orchards.Such a large number of varieties meant that they were conventionally divided into three groups, assuming the maturation date as the criterion fruit.
The summer varieties ripen first. 'Oliwka Żółta', popularly known as 'Papierówka', 'Close' or 'Piros' mature already in mid-July. Among the newer, also early varieties suitable for garden cultivation, 'Delbarestivale' and 'Celeste' should be mentioned. It is generally accepted that the group of summer varieties ends their maturation in mid-August.This is of course a contractual date, which may change depending on the season and region of the country.
Another group of varieties are the autumn varieties, the fruit ripening of which takes place in September.The most famous varieties recommended for amateur cultivation are: 'Antonówka', 'Costela', 'Malinowa Oberland 'and' Szampion '. Several scab-resistant varieties, such as 'Freedom', 'Rubinola' and 'Florina', mature at this date. The flesh of autumn apple varieties is more compact, so they can be stored for a short time (about 2-3 weeks).
At the end of September and October, winter varieties ripen. They are usually ready for consumption 2-3 weeks after harvesting.The later the variety, the longer the fruit can be stored.The valued winter varieties include 'Jonagold', 'Szara Reneta' and ' Idared ', which variety is perfect for long-term storage.
